#  Foundational Courses 

 



**Physical Sciences — 1 half-course chosen from:**   
 [PS 1](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/physical-sciences). Chemical Bonding, Energy, and Reactivity: An Introduction to the Physical Sciences OR  
 [PS 11](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/physical-sciences). Foundations and Frontiers of Modern Chemistry: A Molecular and Global Perspective OR  
 [EPS 135](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/earth-and-planetary-sciences). Physics and Chemistry: In the Context of Energy and Climate at the Global and Molecular Level  
  
**Mathematics and/or Statistics — 2 half-courses**  
(Minimum: [Mathematics 1a](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/mathematics). Introduction to Calculus & [Mathematics 1b](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/mathematics). Calculus, Series, and Differential Equations but more advanced courses are encouraged)  
  
**Biological Sciences — 1 half-course chosen from:** [OEB 10](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/organismic-and-evolutionary-biology). Foundations of Biological Diversity OR  
 [Life Sciences 1a](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/life-sciences). An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology OR  
 [Life Sciences 1b](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/life-sciences). An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics, and Evolution OR  
 [OEB 55](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/organismic-and-evolutionary-biology). Ecology: Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems  
  
**Environmental Science & Public Policy — 1 half-course chosen from:**   
 [ESPP 77](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/environmental-science-and-public-policy). Technology, Environment, and Society OR   
 [ESPP 78](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/environmental-science-and-public-policy). Environmental Politics  
  
**Economics — 1 half-course chosen from:**  
 [Economics 1661](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/economics). Fundamentals of Environmental Economics and Policy OR   
 [Economics 1687](http://www.registrar.fas.harvard.edu/courses-exams/courses-instruction/economics). Advanced Economics of the Environment, Natural Resources, and Climate Chang**e**